Category Archives: Graduate School

Conducting Social Justice Research

While social justice topics in psychological research are not novel, sociopolitical changes in recent decades have perhaps illuminated the need for the incorporation of social justice research in psychological science and practice. Social justice and advocacy are woven into every corner of our professional experiences – from our didactic and academic competencies to our clinical training and ethics codes. Psychological science is no exception.

Incorporating social justice topics into our research can seem like a difficult feat. Everywhere you look, there are systemic hurdles that may stand in your way of feeling comfortable and confident taking on social justice research. Maybe it’s the voice in your head telling you “this project isn’t going to be the one to dismantle oppression,” or perhaps it’s a belief that your research does not fit under the umbrella of social justice topics. In other cases, it may be a lack of formal training in conducting research that utilizes appropriate methodology to produce socially just outcomes and findings. However, as students in psychology, we hold the power to not only ask “what answers do we not have yet?” but to rephrase the question into “whose voice is missing from the narrative?”

Here are some starting points for the interested researcher who hopes to embark on social justice research.

Qualitative Methods

If you’re anything like me, digesting quantitative research may bring you comfort. Something about attaching numbers and statistics to your work can make your analyses feel supported and concrete. However, is hard to fully understand someone’s experiences, reactions, and thoughts through numbers alone. Narrative-based research, interviews, and other qualitative methods allow researchers to analyze participant perspectives and experiences through a richness of storytelling. Participants can provide context to their answers and can help develop insight around a phenomenon through exploratory methods, often imperative to social justice research. When the question is regarding whose voice has not been incorporated into the narrative yet, sometimes the best methods are the ones utilizing the voices themselves. After all, our research is what makes psychology a science, and qualitative methodologies are just as rigorous as quantitative.

In some qualitative methodologies, participating community members are welcomed as collaborators to contribute to the design, implementation, and outcomes of the research. Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Community Based Research are two such examples of this. These qualitative approaches to research emphasize the importance of community, understanding sociocultural structures, and action, making them excellent methods to utilize when conducting social justice research. Importantly, they empower the stakeholders of the community you are working with to be active participants in your research.

Me-Search

I first heard the term “me-search” when starting graduate school. The appeal of doing research on a topic that resonated with me, my experiences, and potentially the related experiences of others has since fueled my research endeavors throughout my academic career. I began to realize how disconnected I felt from the research I was digesting. Experiences I knew all too well were seemingly nowhere to be found in the existing literature. I have found that me-search has been a great way to incorporate social justice topics into my own research. As a biracial, queer, gender-expansive graduate student, researching topics and experiences I know first-hand provides me not only with an opportunity to ensure voices like mine are heard, but also allows me to feel connected with the research I conduct. To put it simply, sometimes when you consider whose perspective is missing from the narrative, the answer can very feasibly be “mine.”

However, it is important to emphasize the need for self-care when conducting me-search related to social justice topics. Not only does researching something you have personally experienced make it easier to bring your work home with you, but me-search can put you in the position to reflect on the ways in which you yourself are impacted by oppressive systems. Participating in self-care activities and avoiding burnout is important to ensure you are prioritizing your well-being and can approach your research with interest and enthusiasm. Whether it’s putting space between yourself and academia or finding comfort in the connectedness you feel with the communities you are researching, self-care is yours to define and is an important part of conducting socially just research.

Becoming a researcher and scientist in psychology can feel like a daunting task. Additionally, knowing your research can inform social change can feel intimidating. Our research has the potential to be utilized for advocacy, fight against oppressive forces, and promote well-being. I encourage you to keep looking for the holes in our current literature and to listen for those voices that call to you in need of being amplified.

Resources

Cokley, K., & Awad, G. H. (2013). In defense of quantitative methods: Using the “Master’s Tools” to promote social justice. Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology, 5(2), 26-41.

Fassinger, R. E., & Morrow, S. (2013). Toward best practices in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method research: A social justice perspective. Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology, 5(2), 69-83.

Frost, D. M. (2018). Narrative approaches within a social psychology of social justice: The potential utility of narrative evidence. In P. Hammack (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Social Psychology and Social Justice (pp. 83-93). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Kidd, S. A., & Kral, M. J. (2005). Practicing participatory action research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 187-195.

Levitt, H. M., Motulsky, S. L., Wertz, F. J., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). Recommendations for designing and reviewing qualitative research in psychology: Promoting methodological integrity. Qualitative Psychology, 4, 2-22.

Paquin, J. D., Tao, K. W., & Budge, S. L. (2019). Toward a psychotherapy science for all: Conducting ethical and socially just research. Psychotherapy, 56(4), 491.

Ponterotto, J. G. (2005). Qualitative research in counseling psychology: A primer on research paradigms and philosophy of science. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 136-136.

Posted by Sarah Kohnen, an APAGS Science Committee member and counseling psychology doctoral student at Chatham University. Feel free to reach out to Sarah with any questions you may have!

APAGS-CSOGD: Advocating for LGBTQ+ Graduate Students in Psychology

by Liz Deibel

What is APAGS-CSOGD?

The American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS) has five specialized subcommittees: the Committee for the Advancement of Racial and Ethnic Diversity (CARED), the Advocacy Coordinating Team (ACT), Convention Committee, Science Committee, and last but certainly not least, the APAGS Committee on Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity (APAGS-CSOGD). APAGS-CSOGD works to advocate for LGBTQ+ graduate students in psychology as well as the LGBTQ+ community across the United States.

Ongoing Projects:

Resources for LGBTQ+ Students:

Who We Are:

Troy Kearse (he/him), APAGS-CSOGD Chair, is a Ph.D. Student in Social Psychology at Howard University. His research interests focus on understanding how cultural/contextual factors inform individual cognitive processes (stereotype activation) and larger psychological outcomes (stigma) that uniquely impact health of Black, gay/bisexual men using an intersectionality lens. As a member of the LGBT+ community and doing research that centers the voices and experiences surrounding those who are LGBT of color, he is in strong support of the mission and values of APAGS-CSOGD. He is thrilled to be able to help shape and move toward a more equitable and safe future of psychology for graduate students who are a part of diverse sexual orientation and gender communities. 

JD Goates (they/them) is a 3rd year Ph.D. student in the counseling psychology program at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Both their research and clinical areas broadly focus on identifying and addressing the impact of systems of power and oppression through multicultural-feminist and liberation psychologies. They are passionate about APAGS-CSOGD because it is one of many possible avenues to engage in critical movement for the overall well-being and joy of queer and trans graduate students.

Lexie Wille (she/her) is a 5th year counseling psychology Ph.D. student at The University of Texas at Austin. She has been serving as a member of APAGS-CSOGD since December 2021. Her clinical and research interests focus on improving the quality and accessibility of healthcare for LGBTQ+ people. She is passionate about APAGS-CSOGD because she believes the committee offers crucial support and resources for her fellow LGBTQ+ psychology trainees.

Tom Schlechter (they/them) is a 2nd year student in the counseling psychology Ph.D. program at Colorado State University. Their research interests include improving SOGI data collection methods, and examining informal and community help-seeking behaviors. Their clinical interests center on providing gender-empowering care informed by Liberation Psychology and Queer Theory. They are passionate about APAGS-CSOGD because they believe that building community and providing mentorship opportunities is essential to supporting the work of LGBTQ+ graduate students and other professionals in psychology.

Liz Deibel (she/her) is a 2nd year clinical psychology Psy.D. student at Roosevelt University in Chicago, IL. She began her work in the APAGS-CSOGD at the end of 2021 to continue her advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights, especially given the ongoing difficulties with accessible gender- and sexually-affirming care. Clinically, she is interested in conducting psychotherapy with LGBTQ+ individuals and relationship dynamics with a relational-cultural theoretical framework. She is proud of the work APAGS-CSOGD does to promote policy change, continuing education, and supportive environments for LGBTQ+ clients and graduate students.

Anna Maralit (she/her) is a 3rd year clinical psychology Ph.D. student at the University of Missouri. Her research interests focus on understanding how dynamic impulsive processes contribute to risky alcohol use. She also has an interest in gender-related diversity issues in the field of addiction. Her passion for APAGS-CSOGD because she believes strongly in elevating the voices and experiences of LGBTQ+ trainees to address long-standing issues of underrepresentation in the field of psychology.

Want to Know More?

If you are interested in becoming a member of APAGS-CSOGD, we will be accepting applications for 2024 in late summer, early fall. If you have any ideas regarding new projects or collaborations for CSOGD to consider, please contact Troy Kearse, the APAGS-CSOGD Chair. Click here for more information.

Mentorship as a Grad Student: How and Why

Mentoring is a dynamic, collaborative relationship wherein a mentor and mentee work together to facilitate a mentee’s professional development and success. As a first-generation American, my success in academia would not have been possible without the help of several mentors along the way. My current mentoring efforts are inspired by positive experiences with my own mentors, and the hope that I can pay it forward to others. Becoming a mentor can help disseminate knowledge, foster an environment for psychological safety, learning, and development, reveal the “hidden curriculum” of graduate school, and enhance diversity in higher education.

Mentoring Prospective Graduate Students

As a graduate student, there are several opportunities to become a mentor. One opportunity is during the graduate school application process. There are many programs designed to connect eager undergraduates and post-baccalaureates with mentors during the graduate school application process. Some are within certain schools or types of programs (e.g., Social Psychology; School Psychology), for underrepresented individuals (e.g., NextGen Psych Scholars; Project Short), or just general programs (e.g., APSSC, APA Division 19). The structure and level of commitment will vary by the program and by each mentor/mentee relationship. Typically, the mentor will meet a couple of times with the mentee, provide helpful materials for crafting personal statements and CVs, and edit materials. Particularly salient for underrepresented mentees, the mentor can help select graduate programs that are a good match and identify scholarships and funding opportunities. If that sounds too time intensive, there are other ways to help prospective PhD psychology applicants. See Application Statement Feedback Program (ASFP).

Mentoring Undergraduate and Younger Graduate Students

A more traditional mentorship role in graduate school is to mentor undergraduate students in your research lab. Undergraduates often help with literature reviews, running participants, or other miscellaneous research tasks. As a mentor, you could help lead journal clubs or provide direct research opportunities within one of your research projects, carefully observing and guiding them throughout the process. For example, I am currently mentoring an undergraduate student involved in a systematic review I am working on. As a mentor, I provide didactic instruction on types of reviews and guidance on the research process.

As a graduate student, you might also serve another role as a teaching assistant. Teaching assistants have a more formal teaching relationship with their students but can still provide mentorship. This can look like holding office hours and meeting one-on-one with students who show interest in your research or in a PhD program.

You can also mentor students in their early graduate school career. As you progress through the program, you gain valuable knowledge not only in your selected discipline, but also in how to be a graduate student. Younger students may benefit from any wisdom, tips, and skills you can pass on. These topics can vary from time management skills, course selections, clinical practicum advice, advice on advocating for oneself, and handling rejection. Things that may seem like second nature now, may be valuable wisdom to a first-year graduate student.

Irrelevant of the type of mentoring relationship, mentees are eager to learn from you. You can disseminate information about the field (e.g., different types of paths post undergrad), research (e.g., how to go about starting a literature review), classes (e.g., which classes to take to best prepare for graduate school or for a certain degree), or other areas that may help your mentee grow professionally. Although it may seem challenging, mentoring is a rewarding experience, fostering a collaborative relationship that benefits both individuals involved!

Want to become a mentor?

  1. Sign up to mentor students applying to graduate programs (see links above).
  2. Reach out to your advisor and ask if you can mentor undergraduates.
  3. Take initiative and offer to help younger graduate students.

Written by Marianne Chirica, an APAGS Science Committee member and a second-year graduate student in the Psychological and Brain Sciences Ph.D. program at Indiana University. Feel free to reach out to Marianne with any questions you may have!

Increased Student Voices Across APA! We Won Seats at the Table!

By Quincy Guinadi, MA

On behalf of the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS), I am thrilled to announce that graduate students are now eligible to run for elected and appointed seats on 19 APA Boards and Committees based on the results of the August Council of Representative meeting and the recent membership vote with 82.28% in favor! Graduate students will be eligible to be slated for Board and Committees as early as January 2024, with their terms beginning in 2025 (see list at the end). This exciting and important change will increase the inclusion of graduate student perspectives at some of the highest levels of APA and grant us a seat at the table. This is another huge victory towards our vision of increasing student voices across APA. 

First and foremost, I would like to express my utmost gratitude for the hard work and advocacy efforts spearheaded by my fellow Student Voice Workgroup members and APAGS staff: Mary Fernandes, Nicole Evangelista, Melanie Arenson, Martina Fruhbauerova, Wendy Williams, Heather Dade, and Ritu Verma. They spent countless hours putting together the agenda item, attending town halls, listening and addressing concerns, and finalizing the bylaw amendment changes. Kudos to your perseverance and passionate fight for student voices, what a well-deserved victory!

We also received overwhelming support from our APAGS and APA members from the start through the end of this journey. We would like to recognize and express our sincerest thank you to numerous allies across the Association and beyond. Thank you to the APA Board of Directors, the APA Council Leadership Team, the APA Council of Representatives, and numerous APA Boards and Committees. Thank you for your continued and unconditional support towards the growth and enrichment of our future as a profession and association! 

Last but not the least, a huge thank you to our APAGS leaders and members, APA members, and allies across other organizations who helped us spread the word about this important vote by sharing it on social media, advocating with State, Provincial, and Territorial Psychological Associations, and voicing support across Divisions, Boards, and Committees. We also cannot forget the immense support from voters, the Council of Representatives and APA members; we thank you for utilizing your voting rights and power to advocate for the inclusion of student voices and perspectives in APA. 

What began as a vision last year quickly became a reality. This is another monumental step for APA graduate students and the future of APA. As APAGS, we are thrilled to witness new and diverse graduate students step up and share their wisdom. Graduate students bring a wealth of expertise in practice, research, and advocacy, which propels the profession and association forward as we move into the future of psychology. 

List of APA Boards and Committees seats available to graduate students in 2024:

Again, I am so pleased to share this victory with you. We are elated to welcome new graduate student leaders and their valuable perspective onboard these APA Boards and Committees! You are welcome to reach out to me or our staff if you have any questions.

Yours in solidarity, 

Quincy Guinadi, MA

2023 APAGS Chair 

Discussing Diversity for Internship: “Go find less.”

Georgina Sakyi, M.Ed.

The time has finally come for me to apply for internship, and true to my personality, I’d started well before I needed to – sometime around June. I’d spent the summer coming up with a list of sites I wanted to apply to, working on my essays, and attending virtual workshops and meetings created to help support students applying for Match this fall. While the “Autobiographical” essay caused some anxiety within myself and among my peers, there was also significant concern about the “Diversity” essay we’re required to submit.

For those less familiar, here is the updated prompt for the 2022-2023 cycle: “Describe how multicultural and diversity variables inform your case conceptualization and clinical practice. Please use de-identified case material to illustrate your approach.”

The main groan about this prompt is it’s broadness, but Dr. Grace Chen offers guidance on her website, Psych Grad Corner. She advises that it may be more helpful to go into depth about one or two themes regarding multiculturalism and diversity rather than trying to capture all of your thoughts about the topic in 500 words. Reading and preparing to address this essay prompt as a racially and ethnically minoritized student filled me with absolute dread. Of course, there were many themes that came to mind: cultural humility, intersectionality, unconscious bias, systemic oppression, etc. I wasn’t sure which direction I wanted to take it, but more than that, I was aware that whoever read my essay would know I was a minortiized student. My concern centered around how well my essay would be received. 

Could I be as bold as I wanted to be? Could I be honest and unapologetic about my strong emotions regarding multiculturalism and diversity in clinical practice? Would the reader think something along the lines of, “This student is passionate about this,” or, “This student might not be the right fit for our site.”? Like many others, I have worked on my personal and professional development in this area – getting comfortable with being uncomfortable, having uncomfortable conversations with my peers and my superiors, confronting my own internalized racism, thoughts, and behaviors that uphold white supremacy. In a lot of ways, leaders in our field have taken up the torch and are equally passionate about this work; however, a fear still lingers that this passion is hard for others to swallow. 

I’d attended a Q&A session about internship essays, and someone even brought up discussing diversity issues on interviews. They were particularly interested in figuring out where the “line” was: how forthcoming could they be about their perspective on systemic racism in their community? Should they be cautious when responding to questions? In other words, should we, as minoritized graduate students in psychology, “reel in” the intensity with which we relay our personal experiences and that of the communities we serve for the sake of being palatable or a Westernized conceptualization of “professional”? We ask these questions, knowing what we want the answer to be, because while we want to be true and authentic to ourselves, we want to match!

Herein lies the point of this blog post: I want to encourage you to be who you are and trust in the Match process. Just like when we all applied to our doctoral programs, the key word is “fit”. The right site for you is the site that is willing to include (not tolerate), support, and train the fullest, most authentic version of you. If you’ve never heard the phrase “you carry who you are wherever you go,” know this to be true: whatever you “reel in” for your essays or your interviews will surely come out during your training year. What you don’t want is to be matched to a site where tension and conflict rule your experience. You want to be sure that where you’re going supports your personal and professional journey. If for some reason a site makes you feel like your passion, your fire, your advocacy, your voice is too much, I hope you feel empowered to tell them, “Go find less.”

Resources:

References:

Chen, G. (2022, September 23). Essay 3: Diversity. Psych Grad Corner. Retrieved October 4, 2022, from https://psychgradcorner.com/2019/06/06/essay-3-diversity/